What do we know so far about the damage?

21 hours ago 9

Reuters Tsunami waves flood an area after a powerful magnitude 8.8 earthquake struck off Russia's far eastern Kamchatka Peninsula, in Severo-Kurilsk, Sakhalin Region, Russia, July 30, 2025.Reuters

A massive 8.8 magnitude earthquake off Russia's far eastern coast has triggered tsunami warnings across the Pacific.

The earthquake, which hit near Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula at about 11:25am local time (00:25am BST) on Wednesday, is believed to be one of the most powerful ever recorded.

Millions of people have been ordered to evacuate in Japan, Russia and some parts of the US west coast.

Alerts have also been issued in China, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand and even as far as Peru and Mexico.

A map showing where the earthquake struck near Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula

What do we know about the damage?

Videos have emerged showing large waves surging past buildings in the town of Severo-Kurilsk, Russia. Authorities said the port and a fish processing facility had been flooded, and vessels had been swept from their moorings. A power grid was also damaged in Russia's Sakhalin region.

In Japan, about 1.9 million people have been asked to evacuate and authorities urged residents to reach higher ground. Some have been sheltering on top of buildings in the city of Hokkaido.

In Hawaii, officials have warned of possible 10ft waves - but governor Josh Green said they have not yet seen "a wave of consequence".

He said they expect it will be at least two to three more hours until authorities can give the "all clear".

Watch: Major earthquake off Russia triggers widespread tsunami warnings

How bad is it expected to be?

It remains difficult to predict how bad the damage could be, with tsunami waves continuing across the Pacific ocean.

"Even now, scientists are running new models to try to refine initial forecasts," Chris Goldfinger, Professor of Marine Geology at Oregon State University told BBC Breakfast.

"Each country, each port, and each coastline will experience a very site-specific response. Some places it will be fairly minimal, some quite serious."

He said the extent of the impact depends largely on the path of energy radiating from Russia's Kamchatka peninsula. Areas directly in line with that energy - roughly southeast from the epicentre - are expected to be most affected.

He said it takes about "eight to nine hours" for a tsunami from Kamchatka to reach the US west coast.

What's the timeframe?

The earthquake struck at about 11:25am local time (00:25am BST) on Wednesday.

Tsunami waves are expected to hit parts of British Columbia and California at 12.20am local time (09.20am BST), according to the US Tsunami Warning system.

The waves could then hit Nome, Alaska at 03.20am (12.20pm BST).

"A good rule of thumb for tsunami waves is that they travel at about the speed of a jet plane," Helen Janiszewski, assistant professor in geophysics and tectonics division at the University of Hawaii, told the BBC.

"So if you think of how long it would take to travel by plane from one place to another, that is how long it takes for waves to travel from the quake epicentre to hit elsewhere," she said.

How does it compare to previous earthquakes?

The US Geological Survey said the earthquake was relatively shallow - striking at a depth of 19.3 km (12 miles), and centred 119 km east-southeast of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

It was initially recorded as an 8.0 magnitude earthquake but later revised upwards. A series of strong aftershocks have also been recorded.

It is tied for the sixth most severe quake in history, with the 2010 earthquake in Biobío, Chile, and the 1906 earthquake in Esmeraldas, Ecuador.

The fifth most severe earthquake was also in Kamchatka Krai, Russia, in 1952. It was "the world's first recorded magnitude 9 earthquake".

By comparison, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami - which killed over 227,000 people - was a 9.2-9.3 magnitude earthquake. That hit approximately 160km off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

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